Twins: July 4, 2026

 Open to Interpretation

#Twins

Game on...on the radio...scientifically, water is, scientifically speaking, "clever"...Anton says it would take an hour to note all its unique attributes...

🧐https://youtu.be/lb52JomWgNU?is=jESC0ptjlfpo1y1H

🎶link to Anton's today's take on water having a twin water...earlier, feed dropped Rogan and Mel Gibson going on about El Mirador, Mayan "pre-classic" city in Guatemala...looked that up...still jungle covered...and looked for reliefs, step frets in mind...no luck that, but, a relief of the Popol Vo Twins swimming in pursuit of a severed head-part of the mythological story...swimming, flying figures-Olmec, Paracas, here, Mayan...ball courts were in the feed too...over 2,000 of them!...

✨️In the Popol Vuh (the K'iche' Maya creation epic), severed heads are central to the cycle of life and death. The motif appears twice: first, when the gods of the underworld decapitate the father of the Hero Twins, and later, when the twins themselves outsmart the underworld using a trick head. [1, 2, 3, 4]

1. The Father's Head and the Virgin Birth
• The Execution: Hun-Hunahpu (the Maize God and father of the Hero Twins) was defeated in a ballgame against the Lords of Xibalba (the underworld). He was decapitated, and his severed head was placed in a calabash tree. [1, 2, 3, 4]The Miracle: The tree's fruit grew around his skull, making it indistinguishable from the other calabashes. Xquic (Lady Blood), an underworld princess, went to the forbidden tree and reached out. The skull spat into her hand, miraculously impregnating her with the Hero Twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
2. The Hero Twins and the Rabbit Trick
• The Decapitation: In the second generation, the Hero Twins also faced the Lords of Death. During a test involving a bat house, Hunahpu's head was severed by a supernatural bat. [1, 2]The Rescue: Xbalanque created a temporary fake head so Hunahpu’s body could continue playing the ballgame. Meanwhile, Xbalanque secretly used a rabbit to trick the underworld lords. He had the lords chase the rabbit (which they mistook for the ball and Hunahpu's head), allowing Xbalanque to snatch his brother's real head and restore him to life.

🎶I guess that's how it goes...a cleverness beyond my cleverness to fathom...same goes for Anton's take on water...on anything really...on any anything really!...the doom scroll is beyond beyond...algo feeds keep dropping, and I keep chasing, trying to catch...aaand, the N1 Liminal Dream Stage is like that too!...one can leave off, find an all encompassing activity to fill the time...physical, I'm saying...rather than being slack in one's bunk, like Dude, or Rooster Coburn...curious about Coen Brothers productions, watched True Grit back to back with The Big Lewboski...movies are another scroll!...why move about...let the movies have their say-the dooms scroll feeds, the N1, the movies...they exchange cleverness!...Lewbowski was threatened with giant scissors-that in the N1 this morning-twins swimming after a severed head to arrive?...confusing clevernessess!...it's an alluring puzzle requiring no more cleverness on my own than just watching...cliff hanging, clic baiting, something is around the corner...scrolled thru airiel views of the San Andreas fault...I know this threat, and do nothing to prepare!...that's lazy, dumb, stupid...threat analysis is a career path...FBI just tasked its analyists with finding threats by officials engaged in Jan 6, Georgia election 2020...needles in haystacks...some reveal in the algo doom scrool feeds...that, and some trap...chicken littles...where was I...Fourth of July...clever thought-all created equal...Yamamoto on mound...bottom of second...Padres at Dodgers...water has a twin?...

✨️

In physics and chemistry, liquid water is a dynamic blend of two distinct microscopic structures: a High-Density Liquid (HDL) and a Low-Density Liquid (LDL). X·ShiningScience
If your query was actually about blood health and your "lipid profile," you can find a breakdown of how water intake impacts cholesterol at the bottom of this page.
The Two Phases of Liquid Water
For decades, researchers theorized that water has a microscopic "dual personality" rather than being a single, uniform substance. Modern studies using unsupervised AI and ultrafast laser pulses have confirmed this structural heterogeneity: PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov) +3
• Low-Density Liquid (LDL): A looser, more ordered local structure where molecules are arranged in a well-defined tetrahedral hydrogen-bond network. PNAS +4
• High-Density Liquid (HDL): A denser, more disordered local structure where molecules pack more closely together, disrupting the perfect tetrahedral arrangement. PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov) +4
At room temperature, water molecules rapidly shuffle and swap between these two configurations in a fraction of a nanosecond. This constant structural transformation is the secret behind water's anomalous behaviors—such as expanding as it cools below 4°C and allowing ice to float. Deeply supercooled water under high pressure can even undergo a full liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) where it separates into distinct macroscopic HDL and LDL phases. 

🎶Padres 0-Dodgers 0...the Mayan Popol Vuh twins aren't identical...

✨️You are spot on! In the Popol Vuh, the Hero Twins Hunahpu and Xbalanque represent cosmic duality rather than being simple carbon copies. They were designed to balance the universe, representing complementary forces like day and night, sun and moon, and spirit and earth. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Their contrasting traits and purposes include:
• Cosmic Destiny: Their ultimate fates mirror this non-identical nature. Hunahpu is associated with the Sun, while Xbalanque is tied to the Moon. [1, 2]Visual Iconography: In ancient Maya art, they are often depicted with different bodily markings. Hunahpu is frequently shown with black spots (sometimes representing his birthmarks or connection to the night sky), while Xbalanque is often painted with patches of jaguar skin, symbolizing the night and the underworld's power. [1, 2]Roles in Conflict: While both are formidable athletes and tricksters, Xbalanque is particularly known for his magical prowess and martial strategy when they confront the Lords of Death in Xibalba. [1, 2, 3, 4]
They aren't just brothers; they are two sides of the same divine coin working in tandem to conquer death and set the stage for humanity. [1, 2, 3, 4]

🎶aaand, there was another on and on today...about the electric nodules on the sea floor generating oxygen...c

Clever has it this could happen on ice moon ocean of Jupiter, and if there, anywhere in outer space...Pages rbi hit...Padres 0-Dodgers 1...Freeman up...Glomar Explorer discovered the nodules while looking for the sunken soviet submarine, which it was meant to do...I remember the story of the ship in the National Geographic, which said nothing about the sub...a Howard Hughs project...I'm sure the Soviets must have known what it was about, what it was looking for-but the American public were fed a cover story...

✨️manhattan project

+14
The primary cover story for the Manhattan Project was that the secret workers and facilities were simply developing "routine war materials" and "metallurgical equipment." For the initial July 1945 "Trinity" test blast, the War Department released a statement claiming an ammunition magazine containing high explosives and pyrotechnics had accidentally blown up. [1, 2, 3]
The massive enterprise, which employed over 130,000 people and cost $2 billion, was heavily segmented so most workers remained completely unaware of the atomic goal. To maintain operational secrecy, the U.S. government used these specific covers:

🎶"covers" are twins...the Coen Brothers did a cover of the earlier movie True Grit that starred John Wayne...curious, I set scenes side by side!...similar scenes, almost identical dialog...it's a mythic movie!...

"The wicked flee, even when no one pursues..."

Parable that introduces the movie...read the book in Readers Digest...rattlesnake scene scarrier in print...Mayan's knew their N1 triggers with snakes...without using a rope for a surrounding barrier, I woke up with a snake skin across my sleeping bag-trail to Mammoth...from a baby snake...readsaid cutting a bite, sucking out the venom...well, wait...

✨️cutting a rattlesnake bite, sucking out venom...

Never cut a rattlesnake bite or attempt to suck out the venom.

🎶...welp, first long hike, carried the ubiquitous snake bite kit...curious to see if Madi on the long ride on Blackie, would hallucinate...does lose an arm...some kinda amish biblical earthiness to the tale...see both versions!...

✨️The ancient Maya associated the rattlesnake, known as Tsáab Kaan or Ahau Kaan in Yucatec Mayan, with divine trances. They achieved visions of the "Vision Serpent" not through the snake's venom, but through bloodletting rituals, rhythmic dancing, and psychoactive substances (e.g., mushrooms or balché). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

The Maya considered snake-induced visions to be deeply sacred: [1]
• The Vision Serpent: During bloodletting trances, participants experienced visions of a colossal serpent serving as a gateway to the spirit realm. Gods and ancestors were depicted emerging from its jaws. [1]Entheogens: To induce these trances, the Maya consumed psilocybin mushrooms (k'aizalaj okox), balché (an alcoholic mead often mixed with toad skin or tobacco), and ololiuhqui (morning glory seeds). [1, 2, 3]Archaeological Evidence: Ritualistic enemas and the use of the venomous animals, tobacco, and hallucinogens allowed priests to pierce the veil separating human perception from the divine. [1, 2]

🎶hmmph...rattlesnake venom does induce dreams

✨️Rattlesnake venom does not contain compounds known to clinically or pharmacologically induce actual "dreams." However, its neurotoxic and hemotoxic components can cause severe systemic neurological and psychological effects, including altered states of consciousness, extreme lethargy, hallucinations, and delirium that may be mistaken for a dream state.

🎶hmmph...how can a dream be mistaken for a dream?...snakes induce dreams all on their own!...oft said they are in the memory of the collective unconscious...a question is if there is such memory, and if collective!...but, but that's where everyone looks for the myths, their "induction"...what prompts myths...?...what prompts dreams?...welp, "extreme lethargy" I'd say!...being bombard by 4th of July prompted neighbors!...such is the collective myth...cats dinner on hold...likely they are under the house...animals must have marvelous horror myths, dreams, of people!...El Mirador doesn't seem to have given up much in the way of symbols, murals, artifacts...Padres 0-Dodgers 2...too out of the way, but they are buildind a railroad to it...and that too uncovering things...

✨️There is no physical railroad to the ancient Maya city of El Mirador in Guatemala. Because road and rail construction is strictly prohibited within the protected Mirador Basin to preserve the surrounding rainforest, the ruins remain completely cut off from modern transit lines. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

However, depending on what context you are looking for, the phrase "railroad to El Mirador" usually points to one of two things:
1. The Ancient "Superhighways" (Sacbeob)
The ancient Maya built an extensive network of raised stone causeways called sacbeob (or "white roads"). These massive thoroughfares—measuring up to 40 meters wide and raising up to 6 meters high—interconnected the cities of the Mirador Basin like a prehistoric railway or highway system for foot traffic and trade. [1, 2, 3]
2. Confused Destination: El Chepe Train (Mexico)
If you are looking for a scenic Latin American train journey that takes you to a spectacular viewpoint called a "mirador," you are likely thinking of the El Chepe Express in Mexico. This famous railroad travels through the stunning Copper Canyon, stopping at the tumbleweed station of Divisadero, which features a famous mirador (lookout point) over the canyon depths. [1]

───

How to Actually Get to El Mirador (Guatemala)
If your goal is to visit the massive Maya pyramids in Guatemala, you must bypass traditional transit entirely: [1]
• The Jungle Trek: A grueling 5-day round-trip hike starting from the remote village of Carmelita. Mules are used to carry gear, food, and water through the dense mud and canopy. [1, 2, 3]Helicopter Charter: A fast but expensive option flying directly out of the Flores airport, landing on a small clearing right next to the unexcavated ruins. [1, 2]

🎶thought to go to beach for firework show...stay home to watch over the house...it's not a celebration anymore...dont know what it is...was the overture on the mall?...music teacher loved to play that on his state of the art stereo set up...night something akin to sensory overload in a movie, or dive bar...kids with sparklers, snakes, fountains, pinwheels, left out...

🧐https://www.pbs.org/video/a-capitol-fourth-2026/

🎶aired yesterday...too many channels nowadays...miss the "television hearth"...top of eighth...Tatis on second...Padres 0-Dodger 3..

.Red Sox 8-Angels 0...lots of tourist accounts...this one has an Olmec artifact found there...neighbors still on about...

🧐https://www.mensjournal.com/travel/el-mirador-adventure

Olmec plaque recovered from a trash heap in the Trogon Group of the Tigre Complex at El Mirador.
R. D. Hansen

:)

DavidDavid

Time: July 3, 2026

 Open to Interpretation

#Time

Game on...on the radio...Padres at Dodgers...top of seventh...Padres 3-Dodgers 0...Ohtani pitched five innings...

Time

The Black Deck crews
Keep the dark wooden decks to a high polish, Constantly.
The elements, sea spray, being such-
That, and the blessed Seagulls, Ravens,
Itenerant Parrots...
Not a duty, but an everyday prayer,
Bent over scrubbing,
Until at night the decks reflect the Stars,
The Moon, the Milky Way...
And scenes normally seen
Behind their eyelids in dreams
Appear in the decks of the Black Ships
Galloping over the phosphorescent waves-
The ebony Dolphins in tow.

The sails, no less,  phosphoresce too
When the wind is high-
Lightnining joins
The masts and rigging
From the dark clouds.

"Do you see this time?"
Ishmael questioned Petra.
"Our time?" she asked.
"Yes." he said.
"Sometimes."  she said
"Just so..." Ishmael smiled.

DolphinWords

🎶Muncie up...rolling a bowling ball down the lane...feed kept dropping movie Big Lewboski clips, until I gave in and rented it from amazon prime...clip began without first seven or so minutes, and after watching all the rest, went back to see the beginning...that scratch itched...sorta...new bowling ball in back of jeep for months, shoes too...Teoscar with a grand slam...Padres 3-Dodgers 4...the character sketching in the movie is terrific...happened on a word...bbk...bk

✨️Uexküll proposed that each species has its own umwelt

, a notion complemented by related concepts like Umgebung
(the environment or Umwelt
as observed externally) and Innenwelt
(the internal mapping of the self to the external world).[4]
These ideas hold particular significance for fields such as cognitive philosophy, robotics
, and cybernetics
, offering insights into resolving complex problems like the infinite regress
of the Cartesian Theater
—the flawed notion of an endless chain of internal observers watching consciousness, which Umwelt
reframes as a unified biological process.[5]

🎶take from that, is that each of us is a "world entire"...

✨️umwelt world entire

An Umwelt (German for "environment" or "surroundings") is the unique, subjective perceptual world experienced by a specific living creature. Coined by biologist Jakob von Uexküll, it describes how every species detects only a specific, narrow slice of reality—ignoring what they don't need for survival. [1, 2, 3, 4]
No two species inhabit the exactly same world, as their realities are entirely shaped by their unique sensory limitations and ecological needs: [1, 2, 3]
• The Senses: A tick relies entirely on temperature and the odor of butyric acid; it cannot see or hear the world the way humans do. A bat lives in an Umwelt of sound (echolocation), while a bee sees an Umwelt of ultraviolet light and electromagnetic fields. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]The Entirety of "World": What we call the "entire world" is simply the composite of all individual Umwelten combined. Because humans rely heavily on vision, we falsely assume our sensory bubble is the full, objective picture of reality. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]Significance: Understanding the concept provides intellectual humility. It reminds us that there are thousands of co-existing universes happening right around us that our human brains simply cannot detect.

✨️dilletants think too much of themselves

It can definitely feel incredibly frustrating to encounter people who talk overconfidently about things they barely understand. The term "dilettante" historically carries that exact swipe: it describes a person who has a superficial understanding of a subject but acts with the pretension of an expert. [1, 2, 3]
Psychologically, this behavior is a well-documented phenomenon with clear structural patterns: [1]
• The Dunning-Kruger Effect: This is the core cognitive bias at play. People with a small amount of knowledge in a field often severely overestimate their own competence because they lack the depth required to recognize their own ignorance. [1, 2, 3]The "Beginner's Bubble": True expertise requires hitting roadblocks and realizing how much there is left to learn, which breeds humility. Dilettantes often jump from topic to topic, staying forever in the initial stage where learning feels fast, easy, and self-aggrandizing. [1, 2]Social Currency Over Mastery: For many, the goal isn't the skill itself, but the identity of being the type of intellectual or creative person who possesses it. They use surface-level buzzwords to buy social status. [1, 2, 3]

🎶not sure what that riff take is on about..."self-aggrandizing"...

✨️self aggrandizing in movie Big Lewbowski

In The Big Lebowski, the theme of self-aggrandizement is central to satirizing the American Dream of the "self-made man". This superficial grandstanding is perfectly embodied by the wealthy namesake, Jeffrey "The Big" Lebowski, who masks his profound hollowness behind performative philanthropy and a manufactured persona of immense power. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The Performative Patriarch
The Big Lebowski's entire identity is a construct built on exaggerating his own resilience and achievements. [1, 2]
• The "Achiever" Persona: When the Dude first visits the mansion, Lebowski's assistant insists he not touch the "various commendations, honorary degrees, citations of merit, et cetera". The word "Achiever" is prominently plastered all over these plaques to validate his inflated status. [1]Bootstraps Rhetoric: Lebowski pompously lectures the Dude on personal responsibility, famously bragging about losing his legs in the Korean War and overcoming the odds. He asserts that "every bum's lot in life is his own responsibility". [1, 2, 3]The Reality: This self-righteous narrative falls completely apart when Maude Lebowski (his daughter) reveals the truth. The Big Lebowski is actually broke; his immense wealth belongs to his late wife, and his grand "Urban Achievers" charity is revealed to be largely a sham that he used to embezzle ransom funds. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The Illusion of Power
The Big Lebowski uses his performative grandiosity to look down on others, particularly the relaxed, unemployed Dude. [1, 2, 3]
• Masking Cowardice: Lebowski's grandstanding and aggressive tone allow him to hide his physical and moral impotence. He demands respect and dominance, yet when confronted by actual danger (the nihilists) at the end of the film, his facade shatters and he is shown to be completely powerless and afraid. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Contrasting the Dude's Authenticity
The Coen brothers juxtapose Lebowski's toxic, ego-driven posturing with the Dude. The Dude has zero desire for wealth, status, or self-aggrandizement. He is simply content living authentically on his own relaxed terms, demonstrating that true character comes from being genuine rather than performing a powerful image for society. [1, 2, 3, 4]
For an excellent analysis of the Big Lebowski's hollow achievements and how they contrast with the Dude's peaceful philosophy, watch this clip:
47s
Would you like to explore how Walter Sobchak’s behavior similarly plays into performative masculinity and self-righteousness, or are you looking to dive deeper into the philosophical themes of the movie? Let me know what you'd like to discuss next!

🎶hmmph...such is umwalt...?...

umwelt psychology self centered aggrandizing

In psychology, the concepts you mentioned intersect in the study of how people experience their environment. While Umwelt refers to our subjective, sensory-based worldview, traits like self-centeredness and self-aggrandizement describe how some individuals distort that worldview to inflate their own importance and minimize others. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Key Concepts Breakdown

• Umwelt: A concept originally from biological and existential psychology, referring to the unique "world around" an individual. It represents the bespoke, subjective reality you inhabit based on your sensory, emotional, and cognitive lens. [1, 2, 3, 4]
• Self-Centeredness (Egocentrism): The cognitive or emotional limitation where an individual struggles to understand or prioritize any reality outside of their own. It is an inherent narrowing of the Umwelt, making the world revolve entirely around personal desires, comfort, and immediate feelings. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
• Self-Aggrandizement: The psychological process of enhancing or exaggerating one's own importance, power, or achievements. When paired with self-centeredness, an individual actively alters their subjective Umwelt to support a grandiose self-image, often dismissing external feedback or the perspectives of others. [1, 2, 3]

The Intersection

In psychology, particularly when discussing personality disorders or narcissism, an individual's Umwelt becomes entirely instrumental. The environment and the people within it are stripped of their own subjective realities (Mitwelt) and are instead perceived only as tools to validate the individual's self-aggrandizing narrative. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

🎶neat movie...not so neat my riff!...I have a set of golf clubs, and new golf shoes...Tin Cup another favorite movie, and another collection of umwalts...

✨️Yes, Tin Cup (1996) and The Big Lebowski (1998) share a distinct, laid-back "slacker comedy" vibe, but they belong to different genres. While both feature sun-baked, casually philosophical lead characters who drift through life, their plots, pacing, and core motivations differ significantly. [1, 2, 3]

The Similarities (The Vibe)
• The Slacker Archetype: Both Roy McAvoy (Tin Cup) and Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski (The Big Lebowski) are ultimate 1990s slacker icons. They are relaxed, unmotivated by traditional corporate success, and prefer to take life one day at a time. [1, 2, 3]Quirky Sidekicks: Both films surround their laid-back protagonists with hilariously intense friends—like Roy’s caddie Romeo (Cheech Marin) and The Dude's bowling buddy Walter Sobchak (John Goodman). [1, 2]Unconventional Paths: Both characters refuse to compromise their eccentric beliefs to win, whether that means Roy defiantly trying to stick an impossible golf shot or The Dude relentlessly searching for his ruined rug. [1]

🎶"you can box my ass"-song Salome...Padres 3-Dodgers 4...bowling, golfing...the liminal dream...Red Socks 5-Angels 2...oh, movie Funny Farm comes to.mind...golf, bowling, writing, dreaming...

:)

DavidDavid

Battles: July 2, 2026

 Open to Interpretation

#Battles

Game on...on the radio...feed drops historical battles all the time...today's notable, the Mongols threatening Egypt...Padres 3-Dodgers 0...Susaki pitching...top of second...the Mongols were beaten back, their first defeat...I thought that was in Ukraine, nearabout Crimea...then something happened at Rome...

✨️Mongols threatened Egypt second...they were beaten back, their first defeat...I thought that was in Ukraine, nearabout Crimea...then something happened at Rome...

The Mongols were beaten back and suffered their first major, irreversible open-field defeat at the Battle of Ain Jalut on September 3, 1260. The battle took place in the Jezreel Valley in present-day Israel, just north of Egypt, destroying the myth of Mongol invincibility. [1, 2, 3]
The events you are thinking of in Ukraine/Crimea and Rome happened during entirely different campaigns:
• Ukraine/Crimea (1223): You are likely thinking of the Battle of the Kalka River, where a Mongol vanguard decimated a coalition of Kievan Rus and Cuman princes. This occurred decades before Ain Jalut. The Mongols later devastated the region around Crimea in 1239. [1, 2, 3]Europe (1241): Around the same time, the main Mongol force rode into Eastern Europe, destroying armies in Poland and Hungary. [1, 2]Rome / The Pope (1241–1245): Europe feared the "Golden Horde" would march on Rome next. Pope Innocent IV sent papal envoys (such as Giovanni da Pian del Carpine) across Eurasia directly to the Mongol capital to negotiate peace and gather intelligence. [1]
The successful repulsion of the Mongols in 1260 was achieved by the Mamluks, who were an elite caste of slave-soldiers. Led by Sultan Qutuz and general Baibars, the Mamluks drew the Mongol forces into a trap using a feigned retreat. You can read more about how this changed history on Britannica. [1, 2, 3]

🎶like seeing an answer on the Jeopardy board...a play along...

✨️what manner of logistic support did the Mongols use compared to Alexander the Great

The Mongols relied on decentralization, nomadic mobility, and self-sufficiency, whereas Alexander the Great depended on a highly structured, vulnerable supply chain. The Mongols operated as a self-contained logistical entity. Every soldier managed their own string of remount horses, utilizing the animals for transportation, milk, and blood. In contrast, Alexander maintained a massive wagon train of oxen and baggage handlers, which limited his army’s daily travel speed and required constant protection. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The Mongol System: Decentralized and Autonomous
• The Remount System: Each Mongol cavalryman traveled with 3 to 5 horses. They swapped mounts continuously while riding, preserving the horses' energy and enabling the army to advance up to 60 miles per day. [1, 2, 3, 4]Self-Sufficiency & Foraging: The soldiers carried highly concentrated, dehydrated rations like bort (dried and pounded meat) and dried milk curds. In emergencies, they could drink blood from their horses' veins without causing permanent harm to the animals. [1]The Yam Postal Network: To manage their sprawling territory, the Mongols established a relay-station communication network. While Alexander relied on messengers on foot or single riders who could be waylaid, the Mongol Yam utilized a pony-express style system to safely and swiftly dispatch goods and military orders across the empire. [1, 2, 3]
The Macedonian System: Structured and Vulnerable
• Supply Lines: Alexander's campaigns heavily relied on keeping open communications to base camps and coastal ports. His logistics required a tether to secure territories to provide grain and fodder for his infantry and the cavalry's heavy chargers. [1, 2]Vulnerable Wagons: The reliance on heavy pack animals and supply trains restricted the campaign's pace and maneuvering capabilities. If Alexander’s supply train was attacked or cut off, the army faced severe starvation. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]Foraging Expeditions: When supply lines were stretched too thin, Alexander had to break his forces into smaller divisions to forage across the countryside. [1, 2]

🎶Padres 6-Dodgers 0...bottom of second..."bort"...?...

🧐bort mongol food

Borts is a traditional Mongolian method of air-dried or sun-dried meat, commonly made from beef, goat, or camel. Historically a staple survival food for Genghis Khan's armies, the lean meat is cut into thick strips and dried until it can be ground into a powder or flakes. Because its volume shrinks significantly, it is perfect for reconstituting into warm, nourishing soups, teas, or dumplings (like buuz). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
If you are craving Mongolian-style stir-fry or looking to experience traditional Central Asian flavors nearby, Garden Grove and the surrounding areas offer several great spots to check out:
• Genghis Khan Mongolian BBQ: Located at 7132-A Garden Grove Blvd, Westminster, this classic spot is just 4.5 miles away. It is known for its custom stir-fry bowls, sesame pockets, and traditional cooking style. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

🎶Ohtani up...W...Rushing had a two run homer...Padres 6-Dodgers 2...restaurant still open?..."closing soon"...they're over by that industrial accident...out for a snack...wait...where were the Mongols stopped in Europe?...

✨️..where were the Mongols stopped in Europe?...

🎶castles stopped them...and I'm confusing them with Islam's conquests...Vlad the Impaller, Dracula, stopped the Ottomans-scared them away?...

✨️Vlad the Impaller, Dracula, stopped them-scared them away?...

🎶Ottomans-Islam...Padres 6-Dodgers 3...Ottomans took Egypt?...yep...defeated the Mamluks, who earlier defeated the Mongols...and who were the Mamluks?...not native Egyptians, if I recall...

✨️Mamluks were ethnically diverse, non-Arab enslaved mercenaries and slave-soldiers (predominantly Turkic and Circassian) who served in the Islamic world from the 9th to the 19th centuries. Converted to Islam and trained in elite martial skills, they eventually seized power, most famously establishing their own powerful Sultanate in Egypt and Syria. [1, 2, 3]

The Mamluk system was one of the most unique and successful military castes in medieval history. Here is a breakdown of who they were and their historical impact: [1]
Origins as "Owned" Warriors
• The Name: Derived from the Arabic word for "owned" or "slave" (mamlūk), these men began their lives as foreign captives or purchased boys, often from the Eurasian Steppe or the Caucasus Mountains. [1, 2]Military Exclusivity: Islamic law generally prohibited enslaving free Muslims, so Mamluks were imported from non-Muslim, Christian, or pagan territories. Young boys around the age of 13 were taken, converted to Islam, and subjected to rigorous physical and military training. [1, 2, 3, 4]Social Prestige: Though legally enslaved upon purchase, Mamluks occupied an elite, highly privileged social status. They were valued for their absolute loyalty to their masters, unburdened by local tribal or familial political ties. [1, 2]
Rise to Power
• The Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517): Originally used as bodyguards and elite vanguard forces for the Ayyubid dynasty, Mamluk generals eventually exploited their military dominance to overthrow their masters. They founded the Mamluk Sultanate, ruling over Egypt, Syria, and parts of the Holy Land for over 250 years. [1, 2, 3]Stopping the Mongols: Their crowning achievement occurred in 1260 at the Battle of Ain Jalut, where Mamluk forces decisively defeated the Mongol Empire, permanently halting their southward expansion into the Middle East. [1, 2]Ending the Crusades: Over the following decades, Mamluk armies led by legendary sultans like Baibars systematically eradicated the Crusader states in the Levant. [1, 2]
A Self-Perpetuating Class
• Non-Inherited Status: Because the Mamluks' identity was rooted in their foreign, military-slave background, a Mamluk generally could not pass his title or property directly to his sons. In theory, their own children were excluded from the Mamluk ranks. [1, 2]Continuous Recruitment: To replenish their numbers, the ruling Mamluks continuously imported new waves of foreign youths. The Sultanate is largely divided into two primary eras: the early Turkish (Bahri) Mamluks (1250–1382) and the later Circassian (Burji) Mamluks (1382–1517). [1, 2, 3, 4]
Legacy
Although the Mamluk Sultanate was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, the Mamluks continued to hold significant political influence and governance power in Egypt until the early 19th century. They remain widely remembered for their master-level horsemanship, mounted archery, and cultural patronage, leaving behind a wealth of spectacular architecture still visible in Cairo and Jerusalem. [1, 2, 3]

🎶they were Scythians!

✨️The Mamluks were not Scythians, though both groups originated as nomadic horsemen from the Eurasian steppes. Scythians were ancient Indo-Iranian tribes from the 1st millennium BCE, while the Mamluks were primarily Turkic and Circassian slave-soldiers who ruled Egypt and Syria from the 13th to the 16th centuries. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
While separated by hundreds of years, they shared some cultural overlaps—like supreme mastery of cavalry warfare and nomadic ancestry. The Mamluks, however, trace their exact lineage to later medieval steppe populations and the Caucasus. [1, 2, 3]
The history of these groups divides into two distinct timelines and geographies: [1, 2, 3]
• The Scythians: An ancient, nomadic confederation of Iranic-speaking tribes who dominated the Eurasian steppes from roughly the 9th to the 4th centuries BCE. They ranged from Eastern Europe to the borders of China, and are famous for their golden artifacts and mounted archery. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]The Mamluks: Primarily enslaved mercenaries purchased by Muslim rulers starting in the 9th century. The most famous Mamluks were the Qipchak Turks (from the southern Russian and Ukrainian steppes) and the Circassians (from the Caucasus). They famously seized power in 1250 and established the Mamluk Sultanate, famously stopping the Mongol advance at the Battle of Ain Jalut.

🎶Padres 6-Dodgers 6...Betts with rbi double...Padres 6-Dodgers 7...Muncie rbi single...Padres 6-Dodgers 8...

🧐https://thisweekinpalestine.com/mamluk-heritage-in-jerusalem/

🎶mongol barbeque, or a ticket to Jerusalem...top of fifth...out for snack...bbk...Micky D's chicken nuggets combo with bbq sauce...top of eighth...

✨️Jerusalem’s history up to the Roman conquest spans over 2,000 years, evolving from a Bronze Age Canaanite settlement into the spiritual and political capital of the ancient Israelites. It survived successive conquests by Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and the Hasmoneans before finally falling to Rome in 63 BCE. [1, 2, 3]

Canaanite and Israelite Foundations (c. 2000 – 587 BCE)
• c. 2000 BCE: The earliest written mention of Jerusalem (as Rushalimum) appears in Middle Egyptian texts.c. 1000 BCE: King David conquered the city from the Jebusites, establishing it as the neutral, united capital of the Kingdom of Israel.c. 950 BCE: King Solomon built the First Temple, establishing Jerusalem as the epicenter of Jewish religious and cultural life.587 BCE: The Babylonian Empire, under King Nebuchadnezzar II, besieged Jerusalem, destroyed Solomon's Temple, and exiled the Jewish population. [1, 2, 3]
Persian, Hellenistic, and Hasmonean Periods (c. 538 – 63 BCE)
• 538 BCE: Persian King Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and allowed the Jewish exiles to return and build the Second Temple.332 BCE: Alexander the Great conquered the region, introducing Greek (Hellenistic) culture.167 BCE: Following the desecration of the Second Temple by Seleucid rulers, the Maccabean Revolt succeeded in recapturing the city, establishing the independent Hasmonean Dynasty. [1, 2, 3]
The Roman Conquest (63 BCE)
• 63 BCE: Roman general Pompey the Great intervened in a Hasmonean civil war, laying siege to Jerusalem and bringing the city under Roman control. This marked the end of Jewish independence and initiated a long period of Roman domination.37 BCE: Rome installed Herod the Great as a client king of Judea. He heavily expanded the city and fortified the Temple Mount. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

✨️Following the Roman conquest in 63 BCE, Jerusalem transformed from a regional biblical capital into a deeply contested global focal point, changing hands between major empires for over two millennia. Its history after Rome is defined by massive shifts in religion, architecture, and demographics, eventually culminating in its modern status. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Roman and Byzantine Rules (63 BCE – 638 CE)
• The Destructions: Following a massive Jewish uprising, Roman legions under Titus breached the city and completely destroyed the Second Temple in 70 CE. [1, 2]Aelia Capitolina: In 130 CE, Emperor Hadrian flattened the remains, banned Jewish residents, and rebuilt the city as a pagan Roman colony named Aelia Capitolina. [1, 2]Christian Transformation: Under Emperor Constantine and the subsequent Byzantine Empire in the 4th century, the city transitioned into a Christian hub. Constantine's mother, Helena, initiated the construction of the iconic Church of the Holy Sepulchre. [1, 2, 3]
Islamic, Crusader, and Mamluk Dynasties (638 – 1517 CE)
• Early Muslim Period: Caliph Umar Ibn Al-Khattab conquered the city peacefully in 638 CE, lifting the Byzantine ban on Jewish residents. The Umayyad Caliphate later constructed the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount. [1, 2, 3]The Crusades: In 1099, European Knights captured Jerusalem during the First Crusade, massacring the local Muslim and Jewish inhabitants to establish the Kingdom of Jerusalem. [1, 2]Saladin & Mamluks: The Muslim military leader Saladin recaptured Jerusalem in 1187. Control eventually shifted to the Mamluks of Egypt, who governed the city as a major religious center until the early 16th century. [1, 2, 3, 4]
The Ottoman Empire (1517 – 1917 CE)
• Sultan Suleiman: The Ottoman Empire absorbed Jerusalem in 1517. Between 1537 and 1541, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ordered the construction of the famous stone walls that still surround the Old City today. [1, 2, 3]Modern Expansion: By the late 19th century, the population outgrew the old walls, sparking the expansion of new neighborhoods outside the historic core. [1]
British Mandate and the Modern Era (1917 – Present)
• British Rule: British forces took over the city in 1917 during World War I. They administered it under the British Mandate of Palestine amidst escalating local tensions.A Divided City: Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was partitioned. Israel controlled West Jerusalem, while Jordan held East Jerusalem and the Old City.Unification: During the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel captured East Jerusalem, effectively unifying the city under its governance. In 1980, the Knesset declared Jerusalem the undivided capital of Israel, an administrative status that remains a core subject of international political debate and dispute. [1, 2, 3, 4]

🎶Padres 7-Dodgers 12...Angels 0-Mainers 1...

:)

DavidDavid