The driver must be a madman.
movie, Forbidden Planet
Blacky
Blacky the Crow is always watching for things not intended for his sharp eyes. The result is that he gets into no end of trouble which he could avoid. In this respect he is just like his cousin, Sammy Jay. Between them they see a great deal with which they have no business and which it would be better for them not to see.
Thorton W. Burgess
Blackie The Crow
Gutenberg, web
Catch
To catch Cat,
Yḱnow,
One of the Runabout Underhouse Gang,
I discovered the soft carriers...
They can´t resist,
Being insde under is glorius,
And I leave the front flap unzipped...
Zip! To the vet tomorrow for the flea dip!
DolphinWords
Brag
Permenance is the brag of mountains,
Though rain's erosion they entrain.
Spring flowers know the way,
As leaves a Fall windy day.
🐬
Rain
Come back another day.
song, Itś raining, itś pouring.edit: song, rain rain go away, come again another day
Roof
song Different Drum
Conjugation
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Aloha
Xenology
“Is the formation of new languages similar to the process of speciation?”
Yes, it’s a common comparison among people who understand both processes. But it’s also a common example of a similarity that’s not at all an identity.
Part of the similarity is based on the idea of dialects and subspecies. The important differences are:
Dialects of a language are different versions that can still be (mostly) understood by the speakers; when dialects diverge to the point that their speakers (mostly) can’t understand each other, then they’re called separate languages.
Subspecies of a species are different populations that can (mostly) interbreed and produce healthy offspring that can also reproduce with either parent population; when populations diverge to the point that they can no longer interbreed, or produce offspring that (mostly) die before producing offspring, they’re considered separate species.
The big difference between these two definitions is:
Once two species have formed, it’s usually impossible for them to recombine or exchange genetic information. But when dialects diverge into languages, they can always continue to borrow new terminology (and even grammar), no matter how different they become.
English has words that are borrowed from many languages that linguists can’t relate to English at all. But you don’t find hybrids among species in different families, genera, etc.
Actually, both of these concepts have some conceptual problems. Biologists have been documenting cases of gene transfer between widely-separated species, as well a mergers of species. One of the most spectacular started as suggestions over a century ago that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as bacteria that “colonized” prokaryotic cells. It took another half century, but in the 1950s and 1960s, it was verified, and it’s now part of biologists’ understanding of the origin of nucleated cells and “higher” multicellular plants and animals.
This does cause a bit of a definitional problem in biology, especially with the more recent discovery of single-celled “species” that can and do regularly exchange DNA with many other (and very different) species. Google “viral transduction” for one of the simpler mechanisms that has been documented.
But “borrowing” doesn’t cause many definitional problems in linguistics, since languages don’t have physical barriers that block the spread of words, morphemes, etc. Borrowing does cause a lot of problems in trying to determine the history and relatedness of languages.
But despite all these problems, the language/dialect and species/subspecies (sometimes called “race”) concepts are useful in linguistics and species. You just have to learn not to take them too seriously, because the real world is a lot messier than these concepts might lead you to believe.
Quora, web
Two types of xenoglossy are distinguished. Recitative xenoglossy is the use of an unacquired language incomprehensibly, while responsive xenoglossy refers to the ability to intelligibly employ the unlearned language as if already acquired.[9]
wiki, xenology
It also became apparent that the imaginary involves a linguistic dimension: whereas the signifier is the foundation of the symbolic, the "signified" and "signification" belong to the imaginary. Thus language has both symbolic and imaginary aspects: "words themselves can undergo symbolic lesions and accomplish imaginary acts of which the patient is the subject.…In this way, speech may become an imaginary, or even real object."[9]: 87–8
wiki, imaginary psychoanalysis
"The Babel fish is small, yellow, leech-like, and probably the oddest thing in the Universe. It feeds on brainwave energy received not from its own carrier, but from those around it. It absorbs all unconscious mental frequencies from this brainwave energy to nourish itself with. It then excretes into the mind of its carrier a telepathic matrix formed by combining the conscious thought frequencies with nerve signals picked up from the speech centres of the brain which has supplied them. The practical upshot of all this is that if you stick a Babel fish in your ear you can instantly understand anything said to you in any form of language. The speech patterns you actually hear decode the brainwave matrix which has been fed into your mind by your Babel fish."Now it is such a bizarrely improbable coincidence that something so mind-bogglingly useful could have evolved purely by chance that some thinkers have chosen to see it as a final and clinching proof of the non-existence of God.
FANDOM,web
HItchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Notes: well, yeah, linguistics is like biology, and I noted its messiness too...big dif, is species of fauna and flora are living creatures...ohhh, wait...brb...lol...the Hitchhiker is the Babel Fish!...go figure...I was wondering when I would get to the linguistic creme de la creme, the Babel Fish...aaand, I've managed to do another "challenge", a daily riff for a month, as it were, just babbling on...leap year gave me an extra day, this post like a postscript, "thanks for all the fish"!🐬
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Proto
The proto-human language (also proto-sapiens, proto-world) is the hypothetical direct genetic predecessor of all the world's spoken languages.[1]
wiki, proto-language
Archaeolinguistics includes several distinct topics of study:
– The study of the evolution of language and symbolic behavior through the integration of Paleolithic archaeology (lithics, art, notations, etc.) and studies in cognitive linguistics. This has virtually nothing to do with ‘paleolinguistics’ as an extended form of historical linguistics, but it requires a good foundational knowledge of both archaeology and linguistics, and also of hominin evolution.
– The study of prehistory through the comparative use of historical linguistics and archaeology, e.g., to reconstruct proto-language homelands, prehistoric migrations, subsistence patterns, the diffusion of technology, and the like. Where two independent sources of information converge on the same answer, it is more likely to be correct than when one line of evidence alone is used. This is ‘paleolinguistics plus’: the archaeological record is (dis)confirmatory and serves as a check on wild speculation.
– Archaeological decipherment: the decipherment of ancient texts recovered in archaeological contexts. This relies on quantitative analysis of texts and their signs, as well as more interpretive aspects of decipherment that rely on knowledge of social contexts that can mainly be known archaeologically. Maya script decipherment is a classic example of this ongoing process; without the archaeological record, our understanding of the hieroglyphic texts would be substantially hindered.
glossographiadotcom, web
The study of the distant human past using archaeological and linguistic evidence together to reconstruct aspects of past cultures.
Related terms
linguistics
archaeolinguistic
Translations
show ▼±study of the distant human past using archaeological and linguistic evidence together
See also
paleolinguistics
wikitionary
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy.
wiki, language family
Darwin reiterated Schleicher's proposition in his 1871 book The Descent of Man, claiming that languages are comparable to species, and that language change occurs through natural selection as words 'struggle for life'. Darwin believed that languages had evolved from animal mating calls.
wiki, evolutionary linguistics
Say
Oh, were we as patient as you,
Black Phoebe,
To perch on a fallen Cedar branch
Aside the Merced
And
Peep. Peep. Peep.
All a day,
Our one sweet nothing to say!?
DolphinWords
Notes: language archaeology is a mess...brb...archaeolinguistics...I mean it's taxonomy...brb...I mean, a language isn't glued to the genetic code, or some such, and hence, it doesn't evolve, I mean, you don't have language species, or breeds...brb...even though of course I find Darwin went thataway...but I've wondered my self what our mating song was...to say nothing of our dance...
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Aloha
Endocentric
GoblinWords
Endocentric Demagogue
In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions. A grammatical construction (for instance, a phrase or compound) is said to be endocentric if it fulfils the same linguistic function as one of its parts, and exocentric if it does not.[1
wiki
Etymology
endo- + -centric
Adjective
endocentric (not comparable)
Focused or centered within itself, and not on something external.
(grammar, of a phrase or compound word) fulfilling the same grammatical role as one of its constituents. coordinate term ▲Coordinate term: exocentricThe noun "houseboat" is endocentric because "boat" is also a noun.
Derived terms
endocentrically
endocentricity
Translations
show ▼±(grammar, of a phrase or compound word) fulfilling the same grammatical role as one of its constituents
Noun
endocentric (plural endocentrics)
(grammar) An endocentric compound.
AL-USTATH No 210 volume Two 2014 AD, 1435 AH
The Structure of Compound Words in Sylvia Plath's Selected
Poems
Asst. Prof. Ayad Hammad Ali Asst. Inst. Omar Sadoon Aied
University of Anbar - College of Arts
Plath's method of configurating any compound is judicative shown up in the exocentric device which led to high fertility of compound words in her poems-especially the five selected poems taken for the purpose of analysis. Introduction Compounding which is a combination of two or more words is very productive nowadays and it seems to be the most used word-formation process in some fields including technology, politics and literature-especially poetry.
web
In short, Endo determined that a citizen could not be imprisoned if the government was unable to prove disloyalty, but Korematsu allowed the government a loophole to punish that citizen criminally for refusing to be illegally imprisoned.[5]
ex parte endo, wiki
Sylvia Plath
Snakecharmer
As the gods began one world, and man another, So the snakecharmer begins a snaky sphere With moon-eye, mouth-pipe, He pipes. Pipes green. Pipes water. Pipes water green until green waters waver With reedy lengths and necks and undulatings. And as his notes twine green, the green river Shapes its images around his sons. He pipes a place to stand on, but no rocks, No floor: a wave of flickering grass tongues Supports his foot. He pipes a world of snakes, Of sways and coilings, from the snake-rooted bottom Of his mind. And now nothing but snakes Is visible. The snake-scales have become Leaf, become eyelid; snake-bodies, bough, breast Of tree and human. And he within this snakedom Rules the writhings which make manifest His snakehood and his might with pliant tunes From his thin pipe. Out of this green nest As out of Eden's navel twist the lines Of snaky generations: let there be snakes! And snakes there were, are, will be--till yawns Consume this pipe and he tires of music And pipes the world back to the simple fabric Of snake-warp, snake-weft. Pipes the cloth of snakes To a melting of green waters, till no snake Shows its head, and those green waters back to Water, to green, to nothing like a snake. Puts up his pipe, and lids his moony eye.
Note:s at the edge of the deep end, one contemplates a poem made up entirely of invented endocentric compounds...brb...welp, no surprise to find Plath in
DeepEnd Endocentricity!...anyway, it's my double words in similar portmanteau dress...a hark back to the Aztec's, AmerIndians polysynthetic languages...aaand, I find in the aftermath of the beheading of Charles 1st of England in the 17th Century, an off again on again era for Crowns, I find John Milton took to task the Royalists over the word "demagogue"...the Royalist liked it, Milton disparaged it, calling it a "goblin word"...it's certainly a fit for certain historical, and current, figures...no one is above the law, or losing one's head over it, though a question: who or what is law?...brb...welp, that's a catch 22...it's expected one's loyalty is such that one will accept whatever decision, however legal or illegal, contraditictory, it may be...a GoblinLaw!
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Aloha
Spurious
Occasionally, spurious letters are consciously inserted in spelling to reflect etymology (real or imagined). The ⟨b⟩ in debt and doubt (from French dette, doute) was inserted to match Latin cognates like debit and dubitable. A silent ⟨s⟩ was inserted in isle (Norman French ile, Old French isle, from Latin insula; cognate to isolate) and then extended to the unrelated word island. The ⟨p⟩ in ptarmigan was apparently suggested by Greek words such as pteron ('wing').
wiki, Silent Letter
Despite being rather phonemic, Spanish orthography retains some silent letters:
wiki, Silent Letter
Occasionally, spurious letters are consciously inserted in spelling to reflect etymology (real or imagined). The ⟨b⟩ in debt and doubt (from French dette, doute) was inserted to match Latin cognates like debit and dubitable. A silent ⟨s⟩ was inserted in isle (Norman French ile, Old French isle, from Latin insula; cognate to isolate) and then extended to the unrelated word island. The ⟨p⟩ in ptarmigan was apparently suggested by Greek words such as pteron ('wing').
wiki, Silent Letter
Empty
Inert
Dummy
Magic e
Endocentric
Nonendocentric
Endocentric" digraphs, where the sound of the digraph is the same as that of one of its constituent letters. These include:
Most double consonants, as ⟨bb⟩ in clubbed; though not geminate consonants, as ⟨ss⟩ in misspell. Doubling due to suffixation or inflection is regular; otherwise,[clarification needed] it may present difficulty to writers (e.g. accommodate is often misspelled), but not to readers.
Many vowel digraphs, as ⟨ea⟩, ⟨ie⟩, ⟨eu⟩ in leave (cf. accede), achieve, eulogy (cf. utopia).
The discontiguous digraphs, whose second element is "magic e", e.g. ⟨a_e⟩ in rate (cf. rat), ⟨i_e⟩ in fine (cf. fin). This is the regular way to represent "long" vowels in the last syllable of a morpheme.
Others, such as ⟨ck⟩ (which is in effect the "doubled" form of ⟨k⟩), ⟨gu⟩ as in guard, vogue; ⟨ea⟩ as in bread, heavy, etc.; ⟨ae⟩, ⟨oe⟩ as in aerial, oedipal. These may be difficult for writers and sometimes also for readers.
wiki, Silent Letters
The phrase "correlation does not imply causation" refers to the inability to legitimately deduce a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or variables solely on the basis of an observed association or correlation between them.[1][2] The idea that "correlation implies causation" is an example of a questionable-cause logical fallacy, in which two events occurring together are taken to have established a cause-and-effect relationship. This fallacy is also known by the Latin phrase cum hoc ergo propter hoc ('with this, therefore because of this'). This differs from the fallacy known as post hoc ergo propter hoc ("after this, therefore because of this"), in which an event following another is seen as a necessary consequence of the former event, and from conflation, the errant merging of two events, ideas, databases, etc., into one.
wiki, correlation...
Notes: oh, silent letters are a difficulty...and there is another use in Linguistics for endocentric (exocentric)-for sometime...and posing the question: Is Nature Spurious?-no luck...but that search brought up, "correlation does not imply causation", which I use all the time in dust up back and forth political comment flames as a cudgel!
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Aloha
Angle
In developing the image, some artists focus on the shapes created by the interplay of light and dark values on the surfaces of the body.
... ... ...
Another approach is to loosely construct the body out of geometric shapes, e.g., a sphere for the cranium, a cylinder for the torso, etc. Then refine those shapes to more closely resemble the human form.
wiki, life drawing
You draw with your finger or the mouse. sketchometry then converts your sketches into geometrical constructions that can be dragged and manipulated.
sketchometry is free of charge and can be used both at school and at home.
web advertisement
The oldest human marking found to date is an abstract zigzag pattern engraved on a shell, created by an early hominin, Homo erectus, half a million years ago in Java, Indonesia [1]. The earliest known drawing from our own species, Homo sapiens, is also abstract: a crisscross pattern engraved on ochre around 73,000 years ago from Blombos cave, South Africa [2]. This abstract drawing predates by about 30,000 years the earliest known figurative painting, a hunting scene discovered in a cave in Sulawesi, Indonesia [3]. These findings show that, from our earliest beginnings, humans have produced patterned abstract designs. Such designs can be found across cultures, ages, and media: in the Girih patterns used in Islamic art and architecture, in the textiles woven by the Incas, in the decoration of Celtic jewellery, in Chaco Canyon’s ceramics, in Maasai shields, or in modern quilt, wallpaper, or fabric designs.
NIH, web
The Greeks derived their name for an angle from the word "gōnia" (γωνία) in their language, which means "corner" or "angle." The term "gōnia" was used to describe the meeting point of two lines or the space between them that formed an angle.Jul 1, 2023
web
The word angle comes from the Latin word angulus, meaning "corner". Cognate words include the Greek ἀγκύλος (ankylοs) meaning "crooked, curved" and the English word "ankle". Both are connected with the Proto-Indo-European root *ank-, meaning "to bend" or "bow".
web
Another piece of evidence arises from developmental data. Preschoolers and even infants have been shown to possess sophisticated intuitions of space (Hermer and Spelke, 1994, Landau et al., 1981, Newcombe et al., 2005), spatial sequences (Amalric et al., 2017), and mirror symmetry (Bornstein et al., 1978). Indeed, preschoolers’ drawings already show a tendency to represent abstract properties of objects rather than the object itself. Although they look primitive, drawings of a house as a triangle on top of a square, or a person as a stick figure with a round head, suggest a remarkable capacity for abstracting away from the actual shape and attending to its principal axes, at the expense of realism. Numerous tests leverage this geometric competence to assess a child’s cognitive development by counting the number of correct or incorrect abstract properties, for instance when asked to draw a person (Goodenough, 1926, Harris, 1963, Long et al., 2019, Prewett et al., 1988, Reynolds and Hickman, 2004). There is some evidence, however limited, that this ability may be specifically human: when given pencils or a tablet computer, other non-human primates do not draw any abstract shapes or recognizable figures, but mostly generate shapeless scribbles (Saito et al., 2014, Tanaka et al., 2003).
A language of thought for the mental representation of geometric shapes,
pdf, web
web
Even though they look and sound very similar, even though they are commonly misspelled or confused in English, “flush out” and “flesh out” start from different concepts and, consequently, define different actions. The first expression refers to forcefully making an animal or a person get out from where they were hiding, while the second is used with the meaning of completing, fulfilling or adding up more important elements to something.
grammar.com, web
Notes: we make up drawings, we make up words-by combining things we know...angleangle...must be a word for that...invent...create...that little drawing geometry program is gold...one could trace a figure, then translate it into geometric shapes...that's what artists are trained to do...it's one trick, crib, of many to make drawings-translate-TranslateGeometry...for savant artists, drawings just come out all of a piece, or some such...and we are all savants as infants...it may well be the best time for schooling is our earliest years!...first is Geometry-for tomorrowmorrow...
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
DavidDavid
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Aloha
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.
web
Now mathematics is both a body of truth and a special language, a language more carefully defined and more highly abstracted than our ordinary medium of thought and expression. Also it differs from ordinary languages in this important particular: it is subject to rules of manipulation. Once a statement is cast into mathematical form it may be manipulated in accordance with these rules and every configuration of the symbols will represent facts in harmony with and dependent on those contained in the original statement. Now this comes very close to what we conceive the action of the brain structures to be in performing intellectual acts with the symbols of ordinary language. In a sense, therefore, the mathematician has been able to perfect a device through which a part of the labor of logical thought is carried on outside the central nervous system with only that supervision which is requisite to manipulate the symbols in accordance with the rules.[1]: 291
wiki language mathematics
Nonsense Sentences
A nonsense sentence has a logical, grammatical structure but no content or meaning.
Compare the following two sentences:
1. Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.
2. Furiously sleep ideas green colorless.
Neither makes any sense, but the first is grammatically correct; it has a subject and a verb, and it has adjectives and adverbs that modify the subject and verb correctly.
The second “sentence”� is pure gibberish; it is a random collection of words with no logical or grammatical structure.
Once we understand how the words in sentence 1 function grammatically, we can easily replace the words of the first sentence with sensible words and create a normal English sentence:
Tiny white mice run quickly.
Generate at least THREE proper sentences using sentence 1 as a model.
Here is the first stanza of perhaps the most famous nonsense poem in English:
’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
All mimsy were the borogroves,
And the mome rathes outgrabe.
— “Jabberwocky”� by Lewis Carroll
We can turn this poem into prose by removing the line breaks and untangling the syntax:
It was billig, and the slithy toves gyred and gimbled in the wabe; the borogroves were all mimsy, and the mome rathes outgrabe.
If we identify how Carroll’s nonsense words function grammatically and substitute sensible words for them, we can create a proper English sentence:
It was cold, and the little fish twisted and tumbled in the water; the birds were all quiet, and the proud lions roared.
Create at least TWO grammatical sentences based on Carroll’s nonsense sentence.
drmarkwomack, web
Notes: this is a reach to connect math and linguistics...a plus b equals c, then c minus b equals a...dogs and cats are pets...math is very precise, it cant be otherwise...language has math's tone, or some such...dogs are like cats because they are pets...dogs are not cats...it's a lot of taxonomy going on!...it's late...to be continued tomorrowmorrow...
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
Aloha
Extremeophiles
Deep Biosphere
The subsurface accounts for about 90% of the biomass across two domains of life, Archaea and Bacteria, and 15% of the total for the biosphere. Eukarya are also found, including some multicellular life fungi, and animals (nematodes, flatworms, rotifers, annelids, and arthropods). Viruses are also present and infect the microbes.
wiki, Deep Biosphere
The findings suggested that if life ever existed on Mars, the dormant evidence of it might still be located in the planet’s subsurface — a place that future missions could explore as they drill into Martian soil.
CNN, web
Extremophiles can use either sunlight (phototrophs) or chemical energy (chemotrophs) as energy sources, and different chemical compounds as electron donors or acceptors. Aerobic microorganisms use oxygen (O2) as a terminal electron acceptor, whereas anaerobic microorganisms may use nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), carbon dioxide (CO2), Fe(III), or other organic or inorganic molecules during respiration. The phylogenetic diversity of extremophiles is very high, leading to their broad dispersal across the phylogenetic tree of life together with a wide variety in metabolic diversity.
Jebbar, M., Hickman-Lewis, K., Cavalazzi, B. et al. Microbial Diversity and Biosignatures: An Icy Moons Perspective. Space Sci Rev 216, 10 (2020).
web, pdf
Notes: "Extremeophiles on MakeMake!..A fantasy fantastic upon a round tiny icy world out in the middle of nowhere-a lot like home!"...lol...a thought I've had is to make sci-fi book cover illustrations, art, for non-existent books...anyway, deep biospheres may be a universe universal...the trick is the critters can get by without surface sunlight, the pressure of atmosphere, rock, or gravity tidal forces, creates heat for the biochemistry, or some such...in the works: "Universe Universals-uniqueness isn't one of them!"
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
DavidDavid
DavidDavid
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
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Pileated
Cartoonist Walter Lantz is believed to have based the appearance of his creation Woody Woodpecker on the pileated woodpecker; while patterning the call on the acorn woodpecker.[23][24]
wiki
The latin name for the pileated woodpecker is Dryocopus pileatus. The word dryo comes from the latin word for tree, and the word kopis is latin for dagger; pileatus refers to ‘capped’, as both sexes can be distinguished by the brilliant red ‘cap’ of feathers on their heads…
Northwest Wildlife Preservation Society
Feathers were said to have been formerly employed for fine basketry decoration. Red feathers were obtained from the California Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), paltī'na (P), pala'tata (N, C, S); the Pileated Woodpecker (Hylotomus pileatus), pa'kpaku (C); and the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), tcīkūppa'tī (P). The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), sīnahī'ka (P), hī'kasü (N), yielded green feathers, the Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), yū'kū'lī (P), pī‘'na (N), yellow feathers; and the Brewer’s Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) black feathers. The plumes from the crests of the Valley Quail (Lophortyx californica) and the Mountain Quail (Oreortyx pitta) were also used.
Miwok Material Culture 1933
Yosemite Online
Notes: I had a dream about a pileated sea cucumber, which has set me wondering about Crests...to go along with Chin Straps...
Aloha,
:)
DavidDavid
Fair or Foul
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
DavidDavid
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
The Canada Goose Chin Strap
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Sound Symbolism
Iconicity