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Enantiomers
This article is about the concept in chemistry. For a discussion of enantiomers in mathematics, see Chirality (mathematics).
In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/[1] ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər; from Ancient Greek ἐνάντιος (enántios) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer,[2] antipode,[3] or optical antipode[4] – is one of two stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable onto their own mirror image. Enantiomers are much like one's right and left hands; without mirroring one of them, hands cannot be superposed onto each other.[5] No amount of reorientation in three spatial dimensions will allow the four unique groups on the chiral carbon (see chirality) to line up exactly. The number of stereoisomers a molecule has can be determined by the number of chiral carbons it has.
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The enantioγselectivity of flavor compounds was still questioned as recently as 1982. Meanwhile, chiral discrimination has been recognized as one of the most important principles in biological activity as well as odor perception. As early as 1945, Prelog et al. described the differences in the odor of the enantiomers (mirror image isomers) of androsta-4,16-dien-3 -one; while tbe (+)-enantiomer, functioning as a sexual hormone of the boar, shows a strong sweaty, urine-like smell, the (–)-enantiomer is odorless to humans. Another classical example is the odor difference of the enantiomers of carvone, independently reported by two groups in 1970; the (R)-(–)- and the (S-) -(+) -enantiomer have the odor of caraway and spearmint, respectively. These odor differences were ignored or attributed to impurities, until Friedman and Miller showed in an elegant experimental scheme that synthetic (R)-(+)- and (S-) -(–) -limonene could be interconverted, and still adhere to the characteristic pattern (Figure 1). Since then, these studies have been extended to a large collection of enantiomeric pairs of volatile compounds.
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Note: another welp from the web...note the words lifted from liguistics...music, colors, touch, each of our senses is a realm, a language, each sense an infinity...read said language has no limit to how we make up things...oh, that for tomorrowmorrow!
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DavidDavid
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