Poem/2/14/2024

 Fair or Foul

Oh, as it happens,
One is large, one is small,
One is yellow,
One is white,
And in this my aged time,
When lying down,
I fall asleep;
Even sitting,
I fall asleep:
Only thing,
Keeping me awake,
Is when the Sun,
Or Moon,
Comes sailing my way
And if their paths are true.

DolphinWords

Chiral/quotes/notes/2/13/2024

 The Canada Goose Chin Strap

Aloha

Chiral

72The best way I know to sum this up is: language is to consciousness what matter is to chirality. To be clear, my purpose in all this is not to enter apologetics, or to offer an argument from design, or to go so far as to claim that McCarthy is affirming a teleology in some holistic way in his opus (though it may be possible). If the language/chirality analogy holds, it brings a consistent mode of interpretation to McCarthy’s constant interrogation of natural law. For if chirality bears some relation on what has conventionally been called natural law, then natural law, through thesis and antithesis, is unquestionably an enduring area of interest in McCarthy’s work. A twist on natural law is encapsulated in the thinking of Child of God’s (1973) Lester Ballard, who cannot begin to comprehend how hawks mate, but remains confident in the knowledge “that all things fought” (168)—a conclusion not dissimilar to Hobbes’s revision of natural law presuming the state of “war of every man against every man”—the well-known doctrine of bellum omnium contra omnes (Hobbes 83). For Suttree this awareness extends even to the microscopic things in a drop of water. If natural law dictates the goodness of life, what if life is inclined to be, in some sense, so zealously protective of itself as to be viciously amoral or outright evil?

CHIRALITY AND THE POLITICS OF AUTHORIZED AND UNAUTHORIZED
ENGLISH IN THE WORKS OF JOHN CLARE AND AMOS TUTUOLA
By
Mukoma Wa Ngugi*
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
(English)
At the
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON

pdf web

Biological molecules chose one of two structurally, chiral systems which are related by reflection in a mirror. It is proposed that this choice was made, causally, by magnetically polarized and physically chiral cosmic-rays, which are known to have a large role in mutagenesis. It is shown that the cosmic rays can impose a small, but persistent, chiral bias in the rate at which they induce structural changes in simple, chiral monomers that are the building blocks of biopolymers. A much larger effect should be present with helical biopolymers, in particular, those that may have been the progenitors of RNA and DNA. It is shown that the interaction can be both electrostatic, just involving the molecular electric field, and electromagnetic, also involving a magnetic field. It is argued that this bias can lead to the emergence of a single, chiral life form over an evolutionary timescale. If this mechanism dominates, then the handedness of living systems should be universal. Experiments are proposed to assess the efficacy of this process.

CHIRAL PUZZLE OF LIFE Noemie Globus1,2 and Roger D. Blandford3

pdf web

Richard L.

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Which has already blossomed into an interesting discussion. See one, see both.

Mr. Glass mentions that Clark Kent and Superman parted their hair on different sides, but I think the greater chirality back then was another DC comic featuring the Bizarro world where Superman and all else were reversed. And of course all of the science fiction links at the en-wiki site.
... ... ...

I’ve long been familiar with the term “doppelgänger” but had never given it much serious thought as it relates to the world at large.

Cormack Mcarthy Society
web

Notes: on finding JanusWords and enantiomers, chirality, and such, I thought, this is going to scale up to war, like the JanusWar in Ukraine, and the wars thru out history...enemies mirror one another...and it's probably a false cognate to say JanusPolitics is like JanusChemistry/Physics; I said it, a reach...nouns and verbs are like matter and energy, both the fundamental parts of vast universes, one of Language, the other of Nature...from just being a novelty, JanusWords became a metaphor for Chirality...the Right Hand Left Hand universe is one of those things Anton Petrov on youtube goes on about!...brb...yep, he reviews The Chiral Puzzle of Life...Hobbes is so annoying, together with Machiavelli, welp, they're the dopplegangers of Superman-Bizarro!
...brb...oh, found a forum comment with just those three words, Superman, Bizarro, and doppelganger!...go figure...

Aloha,

:)

DavidDavid

Enantiomers/quotes/notes/2/12/2024

 The Canada Goose Chin Strap

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Enantiomers

This article is about the concept in chemistry. For a discussion of enantiomers in mathematics, see Chirality (mathematics).

In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/[1] ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər; from Ancient Greek ἐνάντιος (enántios) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer,[2] antipode,[3] or optical antipode[4] – is one of two stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable onto their own mirror image. Enantiomers are much like one's right and left hands; without mirroring one of them, hands cannot be superposed onto each other.[5] No amount of reorientation in three spatial dimensions will allow the four unique groups on the chiral carbon (see chirality) to line up exactly. The number of stereoisomers a molecule has can be determined by the number of chiral carbons it has.

wiki

The enantioγselectivity of flavor compounds was still questioned as recently as 1982. Meanwhile, chiral discrimination has been recognized as one of the most important principles in biological activity as well as odor perception. As early as 1945, Prelog et al. described the differences in the odor of the enantiomers (mirror image isomers) of androsta-4,16-dien-3 -one; while tbe (+)-enantiomer, functioning as a sexual hormone of the boar, shows a strong sweaty, urine-like smell, the (–)-enantiomer is odorless to humans. Another classical example is the odor difference of the enantiomers of carvone, independently reported by two groups in 1970; the (R)-(–)- and the (S-) -(+) -enantiomer have the odor of caraway and spearmint, respectively. These odor differences were ignored or attributed to impurities, until Friedman and Miller showed in an elegant experimental scheme that synthetic (R)-(+)- and (S-) -(–) -limonene could be interconverted, and still adhere to the characteristic pattern (Figure 1). Since then, these studies have been extended to a large collection of enantiomeric pairs of volatile compounds.

perfumerflavorist, web

Note: another welp from the web...note the words lifted from liguistics...music, colors, touch, each of our senses is a realm, a language, each sense an infinity...read said language has no limit to how we make up things...oh, that for tomorrowmorrow!

Aloha,

:)

DavidDavid

JanusWords/quotes/notes/2/11/2024

The Canada Goose Chin Strap

Aloha

Janus Words

A contronym, contranym or autantonym[1] is a word with two meanings that are opposite each other. For example, the word cleave can mean "to cut apart" or "to bind together". This phenomenon is called enantiosemy,[2][3] enantionymy (enantio- means "opposite"), antilogy or autantonymy. An enantiosemic term is by definition polysemic.

wiki, contronym

Polysemy (/pəˈlɪsɪmi/ or /ˈpɒlɪˌsiːmi/;[1][2] from Ancient Greek πολύ- (polý-) 'many', and σῆμα (sêma) 'sign') is the capacity for a sign (e.g. a symbol, a morpheme, a word, or a phrase) to have multiple related meanings. For example, a word can have several word senses.[3] Polysemy is distinct from monosemy, where a word has a single meaning.[3]

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A lexical conception of polysemy was developed by B. T. S. Atkins, in the form of lexical implication rules.[20] These are rules that describe how words, in one lexical context, can then be used, in a different form, in a related context. A crude example of such a rule is the pastoral idea of "verbizing one's nouns": that certain nouns, used in certain contexts, can be converted into a verb, conveying a related meaning.[21]

wiki, polysemy

A polysemic sculpture representing an owl, with a crescent moon and four-and five-pointed stars on one side and a pecked pit surrounded by concentric polished and pecked zones that probably represent the sun in the centre of parhelia or 'sundogs'. The height is the same as the depth, completing the sculpture's allusion to celestial orbs by making the body nearly circular. The facial structure is reminiscent of both the 'avian sceptres' and standing sculptures or 'betyls' of the central Sahara while the representations on the flanks recall the 'eyed cobbles' (Fig. 4A-F), revealing affiliations among the three genres. 16 cm in diameter, private collection.

research gate, web

A chiral molecule or ion exists in two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other, called enantiomers; they are often distinguished as either "right-handed" or "left-handed" by their absolute configuration or some other criterion. The two enantiomers have the same chemical properties, except when reacting with other chiral compounds. They also have the same physical properties, except that they often have opposite optical activities. A homogeneous mixture of the two enantiomers in equal parts is said to be racemic, and it usually differs chemically and physically from the pure enantiomers.

wiki, chirality

Mirror text generator is a tool that flips your normal written text. It produces the mirrored image of the text by flipping the letters. A reflection of the flipped text in a mirror looks perfectly normal.

web

Notably, Leonardo da Vinci wrote most of his personal notes in this way.[1

wiki, mirror writing

Mirror neurons are one of the most important discoveries in the last decade of neuroscience. These are a variety of visuospatial neurons which indicate fundamentally about human social interaction. Essentially, mirror neurons respond to actions that we observe in others. The interesting part is that mirror neurons fire in the same way when we actually recreate that action ourselves. Apart from imitation, they are responsible for myriad of other sophisticated human behavior and thought processes. Defects in the mirror neuron system are being linked to disorders like autism. This review is a brief introduction to the neurons that shaped our civilization.

national library of health

We then discuss three ways of improving underlying terminological and definitional problems: (1) issues with English and polysemy, (2) overlapping aspects of similar mechanisms, and (3) unclear definitions.
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“The most extraordinary instance of imitation that I ever met… [the caterpillar] startled me by its resemblance to a small snake.” (Bates, 1862, p. 509). Mimicking the predator's own predator may cause false identification of the caterpillar, causing a bird to break its attack and retreat.

National Library of Health

Notes:...that's a lot...Contronyms showed up on a facebook page while I was browsing and wondering what to go on and on about...Contronyms are like one word double words...bolt bolt...but bolt has two meanings that are direct opposites, sorta...bolt:a fastener, bolt: a leap away free...bolt...one word, a Janus word...there are lists of them!...to make camouflage coloration plants and animals see their surrounding and copy paste!...mimicry and imprint...that last quote laments English can't handle all the things going on in Nature...and as I thought, notions from linguistics get borrowed...that happens too, in all kinds of fields, like archaeological artifacts, their art symbolism...binary google searches have, oh I wish I could imprint the words, I just keep ghists, searches have like sets, multivalent meanings!...and contour rivalry, apophenia, are in play going from one search up to another!...way too much...

Aloha,

:)

DavidDavid 

Graphemes/quotes/notes/2/10/2024

 The Canada Goose Chin Strap

Aloha

Graphemes

The frequency and duration of aggressive behaviors in clown anemonefish was highest toward fish with three bars like themselves,” explained first author Kina Hayashi from the Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit at OIST. “While they were lower with fish with one or two bars, and lowest toward those without vertical bars, which suggests that they are able to count the number of bars in order to recognize the species of the intruder.

newatlas, web

At its core, sound-symbol mapping is about taking sounds (phonemes) and matching those sounds to letters (graphemes). Children are taught to match ONE sound to ONE grapheme, no matter how many letters make up that sound. For example, the word itch has 4 letters, but is only two sounds.

campbellcreatesreaders, web

The small card pack includes short vowels, vowel teams, silent-e, r-controlled, consonants, consonant blends, and spelling rules. The back of each card has examples of each sound. Individual size is great for tutoring or small group instruction. Dimensions: 4.25" x 3.75" x 2.25".

imse, web

People also ask

What is a written symbol that represents a sound?



A grapheme is a kind of symbol that represents a sound (phoneme) in writing. A grapheme can consist of just one letter or a group of letters, and these have specific names. A grapheme that consists of two letters is called a digraph, while one with three is called a trigraph.

twinkl, web

In Cratylus, Plato has Socrates commenting on the origins and correctness of various names and words. When Hermogenes asks if he can provide another hypothesis on how signs come into being (his own is simply 'convention'), Socrates initially suggests that they fit their referents in virtue of the sounds they are made of:

Now the letter rho, as I was saying, appeared to the imposer of names an excellent instrument for the expression of motion; and he frequently uses the letter for this purpose: for example, in the actual words rein and roe he represents motion by rho; also in the words tromos (trembling), trachus (rugged); and again, in words such as krouein (strike), thrauein (crush), ereikein (bruise), thruptein (break), kermatixein (crumble), rumbein (whirl): of all these sorts of movements he generally finds an expression in the letter R, because, as I imagine, he had observed that the tongue was most agitated and least at rest in the pronunciation of this letter, which he therefore used in order to express motion

— Cratylus.[1]

sound symbolism wiki

Notes: welp, it's a reach, but the Clown Fish's three strips are like three graphemes of some sort visually, art graphemes/phonemes?...or I'm just wanting to shoehorn my notion into things?...animal and plant coloration can be described by using terms like linguists do...I've always thought each species is a language...I call them LanguageNations...and this extends into our Nations, tribes, clubs, teams...give them awhile, and sports teams will evolve into fantastic species, LanguageNations...this looks to be foreshadowed, foretold, in how children have that savant gift to learn their Native Language, or Steph Curry's handles!..too much...FORward!

Aloha,

:)

DavidDavid

Iconicity/quote/notes/2/9/2024

The Canada Goose Chin Strap

Aloha

Sound Symbolism

Iconicity

In linguistics, sound symbolism is the perceptual similarity between speech sounds and concept meanings. It is a form of linguistic iconicity. For example, the English word ding may sound similar to the actual sound of a bell.

wiki

In functional-cognitive linguistics, as well as in semiotics, iconicity is the conceived similarity or analogy between the form of a sign (linguistic or otherwise) and its meaning, as opposed to arbitrariness (which is typically assumed in structuralist, formalist and generative approaches to linguistics). The principle of iconicity is also shared by the approach of linguistic typology.^[1][2]

wiki

Notes:  This is about arbitrariness and polysynthesis again...late post, more tomorrowmorrow...

Aloha,

:)

DavidDavid

Metaphor/quotes/postnote/notes/2/8/2024

The Canada Goose Chin Strap

Aloha

Metaphor

Some recent linguistic theories view all language in essence as metaphorical.[4]

wiki, metaphor

So I'd like to do the same thing with synesthesia. First of all I'd like to show it's real, it's not bogus. Second, suggest candidate mechanisms, what's going on in the brain. And third, so what - why should I care? So I'm going to argue in fact synesthesia has very broad implications. It might tell you about things like metaphor and how language evolved in the brain, maybe even the emergence of abstract thought that us humans, human beings are very good at.
... ... ...

And just for fun, I'm going to tell you this is Martian alphabet. Just as in English alphabet, A is a, B is b, you've got each shape with the particular sound, this is Martian alphabet and one of these shapes is kiki and the other is booba, and I want you to tell me which is which. How many of you think the bulbous shape is the kiki, raise your hands? Well there's one mutation there. In fact what you find is if you do this experiment, 98% of people say the jagged shape, the shattered glass is kiki, and the bulbous amoeboid shape is a booba. Now why is that?

from
Lecture 4: Purple Numbers and Sharp Cheese
Reith Lectures 4
The Emerging Mind
web

Notes: it's almost like smile/grin letters are for happy, small things, and the others for sad, big things...a reach...but something like that is being considered by the linguists...rather than words being arbitrary, meaning having no relation to how they are spoken, articulated, ideophones are are all over, and it's tangled up with intonation...the ABCs are like arranged...ab, cd, ef, gh, ij...kl, mn...op, qr...s...tu...vw...xyz...and that's a reach in progress...the linguists must have names for all the tones and clicks and such and their corresponding lips tongue teeth mouth movements...(oh, the ABC song, iambic and such-2/8/2024edit)

from my post, Ideophones
web

But that's only part of the story, part one. Part two, I'm going to argue, there's also a pre-existing built-in cross-activation. Just as there is between visual and auditory, the booba/kiki effect, there's also between visual in the fusiform and the motor brocas area in the front of the brain that controls the sequence of activations of muscles of vocalisation, phonation and articulation - lips, tongue and mouth. How do I know that? Well let's take an example. Let's take the example of something tiny, say teeny weeny, un peu, diminutive - look at what my lips are doing. The amazing thing is they're actually physically mimicking the visual appearance of the objejct - versus enormous, large. We're actually physically mimicking the visual appearance of the object so what I'm arguing is that also again a pre-existing bias to map certain visual shapes onto certain sounds in the motor maps in the brocas area.

from
Lecture 4: Purple Numbers and Sharp Cheese
Reith Lectures 4
The Emerging Mind
web

The bouba/kiki effect, or kiki/bouba effect, is a non-arbitrary mental association between certain speech sounds and certain visual shapes. Most narrowly, it is the tendency for people, when presented with the nonsense words bouba /ˈbuːbə/ and kiki /ˈkiːkiː/, to associate bouba with a rounded shape and kiki with a spiky shape. Its discovery dates back to the 1920s, when psychologists documented experimental participants as connecting nonsense words to shapes in consistent ways. There is a strong general tendency towards the effect worldwide; it has been robustly confirmed across a majority of cultures and languages in which it has been researched,[1] for example including among English-speaking American university students, Tamil speakers in India, speakers of certain languages with no writing system, young children, infants, and (though to a much lesser degree) the congenitally blind.[1] It has also been shown to occur with familiar names. The effect was investigated using fMRI in 2018.[2] The bouba/kiki effect is one form of sound symbolism.[3]

wiki, tiki bouba

Notes: a side by side!...my happysmall, sadbig with kiki and bulbous!...go figure...I was going to go on and on about the etymology of the word metaphor...transport across or some such...that for anothertime... but I got diverted by wiki's footnote 4 to radio talk about book, The Emerging Mind...a curio: kiki wiki tiki...what is kiki?...sheesh...footnote 3 for anothertime!

Aloha,

:)

DavidDavid